In medieval times, an ‘Arab Green Revolution’ brought about a new agricultural model fusing Roman, Greek, Persian and other elements, which became prevalent in much of the Middle East and the Mediterranean Basin. Al-Andalus played a pivotal role in this process, producing texts by trailblazers like the agronomist Ibn Baṣṣāl of Toledo, and Ibn al-Bayṭār of Malaga, a pharmacist and botanist who developed an empirical system of describing plants. These texts would become canons of agriculture in the Arab world for hundreds of years, and profoundly influence Western sciences.